About Beaucerons

About Beaucerons: Overview

Welcome to the About Beaucerons page! Here you will find information regarding the breeds history and official standard. These go hand in hand in guiding a breeding program AND helping individuals decide if a breed is the right fit for them! I know it may seem like a lot but I highly suggest at least reading the breeds history write up (which is very light reading!), skimming the breed standard, and enjoying the origin story when you find the time. You may just find some very helpful information! If you decide you’d like to research further, I’ve provided imbedded links to both the AKC, American Beauceron Club, and Working Beauceron Association websites, all of which have endless amounts of information! If you have any questions, I’m always happy to discuss my breeds backgrounds!

A Brief History

A working dog, herding dog, and family companion; the Beauceron was bred to do it all. A breed exclusively developed in France, the Berger de Beauce (also nicknamed Bas Rouge) history dates back to the late 1500s. In 1809, Abbé Rozier wrote an article on French herding dogs, in which he described the differences in type between the Beauceron and their closest relative, the Briard. It is here that the two breeds were separated by the tems Berger de Brie and Berger de Beauce for the first time. During its early development, the Beauceron was a general farm dog. Their daily tasks consisted of tending hundreds of head of sheep, protecting them from predators, and moving them from pasture to pasture for them to graze throughout the day. For generations, the Beauceron was rarely seen in the cities and only used in the rural regions of France. As those rural regions were urbanized, pastures became cross-fenced and the need for a tending Beauceron severely diminished. In order to save the breed from extinction, the Club les Amis du Beauceron (CAB) was formed to guide the development of the breed and maintain their herding heritage.

In mid- 20th century, Beaucerons became very popular due to their usage during the two World Wars. During the wars, Beaucerons were used to send messages between soldiers, detect mines in mine fields, and search and recover lost soldiers on the battle field. Their extreme versatility and adaptability made them excellent candidates for these war dog jobs and eventually sparked the interest of sport fanciers after the wars.

Due to their reputation during the wars as fearless guardians, Beaucerons were diversified to be used in various sports, one of which being French Ring. French Ring is a defense sport developed in France to test and evaluate a dog’s obedience, jumping, and protection capabilities. A successful French Ring dog embodies a stable temperament, a stable mind, and well put together body. Contrary to appearances, although they bite, French Ring and other defense sports should not create unwarranted aggressiveness. Play is used to teach the dog to bite and a Beauceron who practices these sports should also be able to perfectly adapt to social life within your family.

Another activity that the Beauceron has been adapted to is detection/Search and Rescue. The utilization of Beaucerons for mine detection and the searching of lost soldiers sparked the interest of many people to continue utilizing the Beauceron for Search and Rescue as well as detection. Today, many Beaucerons are still used for Urban and Wilderness Search and Rescue/Recovery as well as military or police work detecting explosives, narcotics, and other substances.

While the Beauceron has definitely been diversified to accomplish many things, it is still a herding dog at its core. “The Country Gentleman,” as described by the French writer Colette, is “affectionate, playful, superb with children, absolutely and deeply attached to their masters.” Their eagerness to please allows them to excel not only in their native tending style of herding but in herding all types of stock in multiple different ways. Today you can see Beaucerons competing alongside the top Border Collies in gathering sheep and the next day driving cattle with the Australian Cattle Dogs.

*Many thanks to the Working Beauceron Association for this History Write Up and many of the historic images*

"The Beginning"

A legend of le Berger de Beauce by Réne Sauvignac

It was the year 1606 when Anthelme Pivoine returned home as night fell. It was the month of September; neither good nor bad, sad nor gay, it was according to the chosen mood somewhere between joy and melancholy. “La Traverse”, the west wind, was gently blowing salty, humid air. Slowly moving large clouds, illuminated by yellow highlights, gave way to a huge round moon shining behind the alders on the edge of the pond.

As Anthelme Pivoine came home, he was muddy, worn, bent with fatigue. Wrapped in a large cloak dragging to the ground that blended in with the color of the earth, Anthelme looked more like a shapeless heap than a man. Yet this did not prevent him from giving thought to the memories of the year that stretched toward its end. One word summed up the previous month; the word was “rain”. Plowing in the rain, haying in the rain, harvesting in the rain. Only the grape harvest had decent conditions, but the waterlogged grapes lent to a cheap wine that would sour at the whim of the weather.

King Henry could go on telling his people to cook a chicken every Sunday, but poor Anthelme was wondering how he was going to feed his only son Romain, his young daughter Jeannette and his wife Jeanne who was awaiting their third child at the beginning of the new year. There was nothing left at home, nothing really. It was physically impossible to wait until the next harvest.

While considering his options, he came to a fork leading to two roads; well, more precisely it was a barely passable road leading to Le Mans. When he was younger, he had entered into this great city that had frightened him, so he had never returned nor did he desire to. The other road was nothing more than a muddy path where the gutters turned into odd little brown streams; it led to St Gatien, his nearby village! He quickened his pace, jumping over a large puddle when he seemed to notice something abnormal… Indeed, at the point formed by the junction of the two roads was a rounded mound upon which long ago, had stood a mission cross. For decades, rusted and shaken by the wind, the cross had collapsed and remained dislodged in the muddy gutter. The peasant, scanning the shadows noted a distinguished shape standing on the former base, a vaguely human shape. It glowed slightly in the dark, an all-black shape, wearing a large red coat that floated gently in the wind. Anthelme saw a big pointy tail furiously whipping the soil around the hoofs of this strange character. The Devil… There was no doubt, it was the Devil! Anthelme had seen too many reproductions to be wrong. He did not look on in fear. At that time, God and the devil rubbed shoulders daily. It was more curiosity than terror that left him motionless, watching this apparition very carefully.

A metallic voice rose: “So Anthelme, how is business?” Things were bad for sure, but that the devil knew seemed incredible!

“They go poorly, very poorly, but how do you know me?”

“You know, Anthelme, I know a little about everyone, some more than others. I’m not so bad a devil and I can offer you a proposal!”

“I’d be surprised…”

“Yes, I can! Currently, you have a wife and two children; you cannot feed all these people, not to mention your own strong appetite. Your wife is pregnant with a third, which is not going to help your situation. I propose to trade your next child for a full silo, a successful barn, a well-stocked coop and well-being until you have raised up your last child.

“One does not trade a child!”

“Sure you can! It would ensure the lives of the others. You have worked hard all your life, you have not a farthing, and by next year you may have all starved. By contrast, if you accept my proposal, you’ll all be alive, healthy and wealthy. Your wife is still young and there is nothing to prevent her from having other children.”

“Well, when you say it like that… Perhaps I should think about it… I want more time to think about it. Would you sign a pact?”

“No!” replied the devil with a strong sneer, “I will indelibly mark you in my colors and they will only disappear when you have fulfilled your contract. I’m still a good fellow, I will give you three days to think on it. Meet me back at the same place, same time and remember that I do not like waiting!” With that, the Devil disappeared.

Anthelme remained dumbfounded. If a certain luminescence had not still hung in the shadows of the night, he would have thought he had been dreaming. Finally he returned to the village, his head filled with confusion.

Arriving home, he kissed his wife who waiting for him, a bit worried about the delay. He said nothing of this meeting. It was pointless to add to the daily worries. As the children slept, he had what remained of the beet soup cooked with a little bacon. The man sat down at the table while the woman took her share and ate standing by the fireplace, as it is still done in some parts of the countryside.

They ate slowly, without saying anything, as people who knew all too well the value of food. This silence rather suited Anthelme, allowing him to clear his thoughts. Jeanne would give birth in late January, in the middle of winter; and it was certain that adding another child in the current conditions would not help anyone.

Still… to give a child… to deliver it to the Devil.. Still, if it was a girl, it wouldn’t be so bad; he had one and with his wife, there would be two women in the house; that was good enough. But if it was a boy… If it were a boy, well men with arms, there are never enough!

One chance in two, he thought.

They went to bed but Anthelme did not sleep! As was common in this season, the day came quietly, the sun rose above the horizon, illuminating the golden countryside to better appreciate the magnificence of these fine days.

Anthelme got up, chewed the few remaining tidbits of the day and went to work with peace of mind. He would go to the appointment with the devil.

Three days and three nights passed slowly. As he headed to the infernal date, Anthelme stooped a little under the weight of grief. This was the day; that morning the sky was unleashed again, the clouds were bumping, stretching and constantly swept their waterspout over the countryside. Gone was the sweet life with the colors of molten gold! It was now time for his meeting! Before the big rock, stood the silhouette of Anthelme, dripping water, while awaiting the appearance of the satanic partner. On the mound, appeared the same glow that had caught his attention during his earlier passing; and in the center, materialized the form of Satan.
 
“So Anthelme, I see that my proposal has not left you indifferent!”

“Yes, I thought about it and despite the pain it costs me, I have no choice but to accept your offer, although I have not spoken to my wife. I will personally bring you the child the day after his birth so that she knows nothing of this sad spell.”

“I will, as I have said, mark you with my colors until the payment of your debt.” He raised his left arm, a blinding light across the night enveloping Anthelme Pivoine. “Come here, at the same time, the day after she delivers” screamed the devil, disappearing like the first time, leaving only a thin glow in the light rain in the mist.

Anthelme reached his cottage which seemed more beautiful to him, the ridge that had caved was perfectly horizontal and he thought he heard the mooing of cows in the barn. He pushed open the door and there stood three beautiful cows with large horns and pippin apple color. They looked to the newcomer, their muzzles brown and shiny, the grinding movement of their jaws letting long strings of drool escape from their lips; a last look and the farmer saw that the feeders were full of long, fragrant hay.

Back home, despite the incessant rain, the inside was dry and cozy. Threaded on the rotisserie spit of the roasting pan, two chickens rotated and gave off odors that Anthelme had not enjoyed in a long time. There was joy everywhere; the devil had not lied! Anthelme looked upon the growing belly of Jeanne. Frowning, he muttered something, but with a wave of the hand, he quickly drove his dark thoughts away.

Winter came faster than the other years; snow in early November, covered the land, houses and trees. Cold winds lifted huge white swirls that went crashing into the solid walls of Anthelme’s house. Jeanne’s belly was rounded… For Christmas, in the house of the Pivoine’s, there was a celebration like there had never been before. Jeanne’s belly had become very round. January passed in the warmth of the house where nothing was missing; life was good.

In the morning of February 2, labor began. Jeanne sat in a chair as was done at the time, and the courageous mother began to push steadily at the right times. In about 4 hours (there was no clock or sun), a beautiful boy was born. The father, boiling water in basins, dutifully cleaned the newborn, made him cry, then looked on and felt proud of Jeanne. They decided to name him Noel and then celebrated the happy event with neighbors.

The next night, wrapped in his cloak, the father returned at the crossroads of two paths. It was almost dark when he sat at the foot of the rock and, as usual, with emphasis, the devil appeared in his aura of light.

“I’m glad, Anthelme, to see you so punctual. Where is the child you owe me?”

“Sir Satan, the child is warm in his crib and I do not owe you anything!”

“What do you mean, nothing!” roared the devil, “I have marked you indelibly should you not respect your promise.”

Anthelme sat up, slipping off his cloak, revealing the farmer’s good country complexion; his black mustache and his big smile that revealed his beautiful strong and well-set teeth.

“You probably wish to speak about our last meeting. Sir, you made a slight mistake; the being that my cloak covered before the rock was just my dog. I was standing behind the rock.”

Anthelme turned and whistled to a large dog, black and red, the colors of the devil. He came to sit by his master and seemed to smile too. Anthelme resumed…

“It is to him that you impregnated your colors forever. It was an ugly gray dog, it became beautiful. As for his soul, you will never have it because it only belongs to his master, me, Anthelme Pivoine.”

The devil, amazed to have been fooled, was furious, his voice thundered…

“Since you have won, I will punish you by marking you with all my attributes!”

Lifting his left arm, lightning burst forth with terrifying hisses, but Anthelme and his dog were already running, zigzagging through the rocks; long lightning strikes behind them were ricocheting off the granite rocks into the sky.

The people have spent long evenings by the fire speaking of this fabulous story. The dog that had fooled the devil gained everyone’s esteem. He lived a superb life in his new livery. Throughout the region, they brought him (he who had run all the woods to find a mate for a day) females, each more tempting than the other. Everyone wanted to have a pup from one so famous.

Something more devilish, if you will, is that all his pups kept the same colors and in the same places, point for point. And as the region where this story happened is Beauce, they are naturally called the Beauceron! What? You don’t believe me? Well then look a little closer, please, at the hind foot of a Beauceron! A little above the foot! No, not on the outside, but on the inside. There you are; what do you see? A kind of double hoof; in fact, a little cloven foot. What comes to mind? Simply put, the devil was not so clumsy during the flight of Anthelme and his dog. Whether a direct hit or by ricochet on a rock, he indeed struck the dog. The most likely version is definitely an indirect hit, because if we think logically, if a direct hit had reached the dog’s foot it would have turned the whole foot into a fully cloven foot. So it must have been a weakened strike, creating the particular trait that still qualifies them to this date… diabolical.

The Breed Standard

Temperament: 

Frank approach and self-assured; never mean, timid, or worried. Although reserved with strangers, the character of the Beauceron should be gentle and fearless. Any display of fear or unjustifiable aggression is not to be tolerated

General Appearance:

The Beauceron is an old and distinct French breed of herding dog, developed solely in France with no foreign crosses. Dogs were bred and selected for their aptitude to herd and guard large flocks of sheep as well as for their structure and endurance. Beaucerons were used to move herds of 200 to 300 head traveling up to 50 miles per day without showing signs of exhaustion. The ideal Beauceron is a well balanced, solid dog of good height and well muscled without heaviness or coarseness. The whole conformation gives the impression of depth and solidity without bulkiness, exhibiting the strength, endurance and agility required of the herding dog. He is alert and energetic with a noble carriage. A formidable dog with a frank and unwavering expression, he always demands respect wherever he goes. Dogs are characteristically larger throughout with a larger frame and heavier bone than bitches. Bitches are distinctly feminine, but without weakness in substance or structure. The Beauceron should be discerning and confident. He is a dog with spirit and initiative, wise and fearless with no trace of timidity. Intelligent, easily trained, faithful, gentle and obedient. The Beauceron possesses an excellent memory and an ardent desire to please his master. He retains a high degree of his inherited instinct to guard home and master. Although he can be reserved with strangers, he is loving and loyal to those he knows. Some will display a certain independence. He should be easily approached without showing signs of fear.

Size, Proportion, Substance: 

Size – males 251⁄2 to 271⁄2 inches; bitches 24 to 261⁄2 inches at the withers. Disqualification – Height outside of maximum or minimum limits. Proportion – The Beauceron is medium in all its proportions, harmoniously built with none of its regions exaggerated in shortness or length. The length of body, measured from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock, is slightly greater than the height at the withers. Bitches can be slightly longer than dogs. Correct proportion is of primary importance, as long as size is within the standard’s range. Substance – Powerful, well built, well muscled, without any sign of heaviness or clumsiness. Dogs lacking substance should be severely penalized.

Head:

The head is long, well chiseled with harmonious lines without weakness. The head must be in proportion with the body, measured from the tip of the nose to the occiput it is about 40 percent of the height at the withers. The height and width of the head are each slightly less than half its total length. The skull and muzzle are of equal length. Expression – The gaze is frank, alert, and confident. Eyes – The eyes are horizontal and slightly oval in shape. The eyes must be dark brown, never lighter than dark hazel. For the Harlequin, walleye is acceptable. Disqualifications – Yellow eyes. Walleye in the Black and Tan. Ears – The ears are set high, and may be cropped or natural. The cropped ear is carried upright and is neither convergent nor divergent, pointing slightly forward. The well-carried ear is one whose middle falls on an imaginary line in prolongation of the sides of the neck. The natural ears are half pricked or drop- ears, they stand off the cheeks. Natural ears are flat and rather short, their length is equal to half the length of the head. Disqualification – Natural ears carried upright and rigid. Skull – The skull is flat or slightly rounded near the sides of the head. The median groove is only slightly marked and the occipital protuberance can be seen on the summit of the skull. Stop – The stop is only slightly pronounced and equidistant from the occiput and the tip of the nose. Muzzle – The muzzle must not be narrow, pointed, or excessively broad in width. Planes – Seen in profile the top lines of the skull and muzzle are parallel, and the junction of the two forms a slightly pronounced stop midway between the occiput and the tip of the nose. Nose – The nose is proportionate to the muzzle, well developed and always black. In profile, the nose must be in line with the upper lip. Disqualifications – Split nose, nose color other than black or with unpigmented areas. Lips – The lips are firm and always well pigmented. The upper lip overlaps the lower lip without any looseness. At their juncture, the lips form very slight but firm flews. Teeth – A full complement of strong white teeth, evenly set, and meeting in a scissors bite. Disqualifications – Overshot or undershot with loss of contact; absence of three or more teeth (the first premolars not counting).

  Neck, Topline and Body:

Neck – The neck is muscular, of good length, united harmoniously with the shoulders, enabling the head to be carried proudly while standing in an alert posture. Topline – The back is straight and strong. The withers are well defined. The loin is broad, short and muscular. The croup is well muscled and slightly sloped in the direction of the attachment of the tail. Body – The length of the body from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock is slightly more than the height of the dog at the withers. Chest – The chest is wide, deep, long, and descends to the point of the elbow. The girth of the chest is greater than the height at the withers by more than 20 percent. Ribs – The ribcage extends well back with long, flexible, and moderately curved ribs. The abdomen is moderately drawn up but still presents good volume. Tail – The tail is strong at the base, carried down, descending at least to the point of the hock, forming into a slight J without deviating to the right or to the left. In action, the tail can be carried higher, becoming an extension of the topline. Disqualification – Docked tail, or tail carried over the back.

Forequarters:

The construction of the forequarters is of the utmost importance, determining the dog’s ability to work and his resistance to fatigue. The legs are vertical when viewed from the front or in profile. Shoulder – The shoulders are moderately long, muscular but not loaded, with good layback. Forearm – The forearms are muscular. Feet – The feet are large, round, and compact with black nails. The pads are firm yet supple.

Hindquarters:

The angulation of the hindquarters is balanced with the forequarters. The hindquarters are powerful, providing flexible, almost tireless movement. They are vertical when viewed from profile and from behind. Legs – The thighs are wide and muscled. Hock joint is substantial, not too close to the ground, the point situated roughly at 1⁄4 the height at the withers, forming a well open angle with the second thigh. Metatarsals are upright, slightly further back than the point of the buttock. When viewed from behind, metatarsals are perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other. Feet – The feet are large, round, compact, and the rear toes turn out very slightly. Dewclaws – Double dewclaws form well separated “thumbs” with nails, placed rather close to the foot. Disqualification – Anything less than double dewclaws on each rear leg.

Coat:

Outer coat is 11⁄4 to 11⁄2 inches, coarse, dense and lying close to the body. It is short and smooth on the head, ears and lower legs. The hair is somewhat longer around the neck. The tail and back of thighs are lightly fringed. The undercoat is short, fine, dense and downy, mouse gray in color and does not show through the outer coat. The Beauceron is exhibited in the natural condition with no trimming. Disqualification – Shaggy coat.

Colors:

Black and Tan – The black is very pure; the tan markings are squirrel red; the markings are: dots above the eyes; on the sides of the muzzle, fading off on the cheeks, never reaching the underside of the ears; two spots on the chest are preferred to a breastplate; on the throat; under the tail; on the legs the markings extend from the feet to the pasterns, progressively lessening, though never covering more than one-third of the leg, rising slightly higher on the inside of the leg. Some white hairs on the chest are tolerated. Gray, Black and Tan (Harlequin) – Black and Tan base color with a pattern of blue-gray patches distributed evenly over the body and balanced with the base color, sometimes with a predominance of black. Disqualifications – Any color other than Black and Tan or Harlequin. Complete absence of markings. Well-defined, quite visible white spot on the chest 1 inch in diameter or larger. In the Harlequin: too much gray; black on one side of body and gray on the other; head entirely gray.

Gait:

Movement is fluid and effortless, covering ground in long reaching strides (extended trot). Strong, supple movement is essential to the sheepdog. In movement the head is lowered approaching the level of the topline. Dogs with clumsy or inefficient gait must be penalized. Temperament: Frank approach and self-assured; never mean, timid, or worried. Although reserved with strangers, the character of the Beauceron should be gentle and fearless. Any display of fear or unjustifiable aggression is not to be tolerated.

*This is the official standard of the American Beauceron Club used by the AKC*